Phenomenology - “the subjective experience of individuals”.
In the phenomenological perspective there are three key concepts:
1. Phenomenology
2. Existentialism
3. Humanistic.
Historically, the perspective was founded by Wilhelm Wundt. He made people "introspect" – concentrating on and reporting on various subjective conscious experiences. However, it was viewed as lacking in scientific rigor and not having particular applications. However in the 50's and 60's there was a sense of political and personal freedom, thus there was more interest given to subjective experiences. From here Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers created the humanistic movement in psychology.
The phenomenological perspective branches into several parts and therefore no single theory or person exists to unite the three concepts. However, they are all categorized under this one perspective as they value and focus most importantly on the nature of an individual's subjective experience.
The phenomenological perspective (especially humanistic perspective) views man as being intrinsically good and self-perfecting. Human-kind is seen as being drawn towards growth, health, self-sufficiency, maturity and natural evolution towards greater beauty and more completeness. The perspective is very optimistic and focus’ on people’s potential.
In the phenomenological perspective there are three key concepts:
1. Phenomenology
2. Existentialism
3. Humanistic.
Historically, the perspective was founded by Wilhelm Wundt. He made people "introspect" – concentrating on and reporting on various subjective conscious experiences. However, it was viewed as lacking in scientific rigor and not having particular applications. However in the 50's and 60's there was a sense of political and personal freedom, thus there was more interest given to subjective experiences. From here Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers created the humanistic movement in psychology.
The phenomenological perspective branches into several parts and therefore no single theory or person exists to unite the three concepts. However, they are all categorized under this one perspective as they value and focus most importantly on the nature of an individual's subjective experience.
The phenomenological perspective (especially humanistic perspective) views man as being intrinsically good and self-perfecting. Human-kind is seen as being drawn towards growth, health, self-sufficiency, maturity and natural evolution towards greater beauty and more completeness. The perspective is very optimistic and focus’ on people’s potential.
The major themes and assumptions are:- The self is beautiful
- The everyone’s self is unique
- The self is forever changing and growing
- When provided with a nurturing external and internal environment, the self is able to grow towards the higher self naturally.
- The self has enormous potential
- Each individual is unique and views the world from their own unique perspective which relies a lot on their subjective experiences of reality.
- Free will must be used. Although people may think they don’t have the capacity to drive their life or believe that their past is so regretful that they can’t see the future. Thus when people lose sight of their free will and don’t see their own potential for change and growth is when people cannot reach their fullest potential.
Source:
Neill, James. "Introduction to Phenomenological Perspectives on Personality." Wilderdom. 14 Oct 2003. <http://wilderdom.com/personality/L10-0PhenomenologicalPerspectivesPersonality.html>.
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